What is the difference between web server and app server?

In the context of Core Java, the difference between a web server and an application server lies primarily in their roles and functionalities within a web application architecture:

1. Web Server:
   • Role: A web server is primarily responsible for handling HTTP requests and responses. It serves static content like HTML pages, images, CSS, and JavaScript files to clients (such as web browsers).
   • Functionality: It processes incoming requests, retrieves the requested static resources, and sends them back to the client. Web servers are typically lightweight and focus on handling HTTP protocol-related tasks.
2. Application Server:
   • Role: An application server is designed to execute business logic, handle dynamic content, and manage the application’s components and services.
   • Functionality: It provides an environment for deploying, running, and managing Java-based application components, such as servlets, JSPs (JavaServer Pages), and Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs). Application servers often include additional services like connection pooling, transaction management, and security features.

In summary, a web server handles static content and HTTP requests, while an application server is responsible for executing dynamic business logic and managing application components. It’s worth noting that in modern web development, there is often an overlap in functionalities, and some servers are designed to handle both web and application server responsibilities (e.g., Apache Tomcat, which can function as both a web server and a servlet container).