It uses those low order bytes of the result that can fit into the size of the type allowed by the operation.

In Java, integer overflows and underflows are handled using a concept called “wrap-around” or “modulo arithmetic.” Java uses two’s complement representation for integers, and when an overflow or underflow occurs, the value wraps around within the range of the data type.

For example, if you have an int variable and you increment it beyond its maximum value, it will wrap around to the minimum value, and vice versa. Here’s a simple example:

java

public class OverflowExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int maxValue = Integer.MAX_VALUE; // 2147483647

        int minValue = Integer.MIN_VALUE; // -2147483648
        int overflowedValue = maxValue + 1; // Overflow, wraps around to minValue

        int underflowedValue = minValue - 1; // Underflow, wraps around to maxValue

System.out.println("Overflowed value: " + overflowedValue); // Output: Overflowed value: -2147483648 System.out.println("Underflowed value: " + underflowedValue); // Output: Underflowed value: 2147483647 } }

In this example, incrementing the maxValue by 1 causes it to wrap around to minValue, and decrementing the minValue by 1 causes it to wrap around to maxValue. This behavior is well-defined in Java and is part of the language’s specification.

It’s important to be aware of this behavior when working with integers in Java to avoid unexpected results when overflow or underflow may occur. If you need to handle large numbers or avoid wrap-around behavior, you may consider using a larger data type, such as long, or using appropriate checks in your code.